@InProceedings{Klipp:2023:CoPhEm,
               author = "Klipp, Telmo dos Santos",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Combination of physics-based and empirical models to improve 
                         ionosphere and plasmasphere density profiles",
            booktitle = "Resumos...",
                 year = "2023",
               editor = "Santos, Rafael Duarte Coelho dos and Calheiros, Alan James Peixoto 
                         and J{\'u}nior, Valdivino Alexandre de Santiago",
         organization = "Workshop dos Cursos de Computa{\c{c}}{\~a}o Aplicada do INPE, 
                         22. (WORCAP)",
            publisher = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
              address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
             abstract = "The ionosphere conditions may affect communication and global 
                         positioning systems, as electromagnetic waves propagation can be 
                         deviated or even interrupted when passing through a charged 
                         medium. In fact, many space-based technologies and services are 
                         impacted by the conditions in the ionosphere and plasmasphere. 
                         Hence, the study of upper atmospheric layers and inner 
                         magnetosphere is critical to the development of models to predict 
                         the electron content daily and seasonal variation, and possibly to 
                         reduce technological vulnerabilities. Additionally, it is 
                         important to improve existing models to better agree with 
                         available observations. The ionospheric models are generally 
                         developed empirically or based on physical/chemical processes. The 
                         former infers analytical or statistical functions to describe the 
                         known variations in ionization. The latter uses numerical 
                         solutions to evolve the main equations related to the ionization, 
                         although usually outputs from other sub-models supply missing 
                         information, such as geomagnetic fields and solar radiation. While 
                         physics-based models can provide details of ionospheric structures 
                         and its originating processes, empirical models provide 
                         estimations regardless of those details. In this work, we propose 
                         a possible hybrid solution through combination of a physics-based 
                         and an empirical model output to achieve a better overall solution 
                         for ionosphere and plasmasphere regions. The idea is to join the 
                         bottom side ionosphere estimates from Sheffield University 
                         Plasmasphere Ionosphere Model - Data Assimilation and 
                         Visualization System (SUPIM-DAVS) with topside ionosphere 
                         estimates from NeQuick topside analytical formulation. The 
                         proposed approach also considers F2 peak density (NmF2) and height 
                         (hmF2) from SUPIM-DAVS to estimate the topside analytical modeling 
                         parameters. Experiments have shown this solution improves the 
                         SUPIM-DAVS outputs in the topside ionosphere and plasmasphere. It 
                         reduced an observed inadequate electron concentration decay with 
                         height, which was leading to an overestimation in total electron 
                         content (TEC) values. Moreover, perturbations in profiles for 
                         altitudes above 10,000km in low-latitudes were avoided. Therefore 
                         the hybrid solution provides smoother and sharper ionospheric 
                         density profile decay, specially for electron concentration in the 
                         plasmasphere When considering a solar cycle from 2011 to 2021 it 
                         was observed a coherent reduction of high altitudes ionosphere and 
                         plasmasphere contribution to TEC, which better agrees with TEC 
                         data from the global International GNSS Service (IGS). The root 
                         mean squared error between the proposed solution and IGS TEC maps 
                         was as low as 2.64 TECU.",
  conference-location = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
      conference-year = "11-15 set. 2023",
             language = "pt",
         organisation = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
                  ibi = "8JMKD3MGPDW34P/4A4HKB5",
                  url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGPDW34P/4A4HKB5",
           targetfile = "Kipp_combination.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "2024, Oct. 09"
}